《AutoCAD 2022 中文版基础教程(微课版)》 - 清华大学出版社第五事业部

第 1 章 AutoCAD 基础知识....................... 1
1.1 启动与退出 AutoCAD ···············2
1.1.1 启动 AutoCAD ····················· 2
1.1.2 退出 AutoCAD ····················· 2
1.2 AutoCAD 工作界面··················3
1.2.1 标题栏···························3
1.2.2 菜单栏······························· 4
1.2.3 功能区······························· 4
1.2.4 绘图区······························· 5
1.2.5 命令行······························· 5
1.2.6 状态栏······························· 5
1.3 AutoCAD 2022 的工作空间·········6
1.3.1 草图与注释空间···················· 7
1.3.2 三维基础空间 ······················ 7
1.3.3 三维建模空间 ······················ 7
1.4 AutoCAD 文件操作··················7
1.4.1 新建图形文件 ······················ 7
1.4.2 打开文件···························· 8
1.4.3 保存文件···························· 9
1.5 AutoCAD 的命令执行方式 ······· 10
1.5.1 执行 AutoCAD 命令··············10
1.5.2 重复执行前一个命令·············10
1.5.3 退出正在执行的命令·············10
1.5.4 放弃上一次执行的操作 ··········11
1.5.5 重做上一次放弃的操作 ··········11
1.6 AutoCAD 的坐标定位············· 11
1.6.1 认识 AutoCAD 坐标系 ···········11
1.6.2 AutoCAD 坐标输入法············12
1.6.3 偏移基点···························13
1.7 实例演练 ···························· 14
1.7.1 调整工作界面 ·····················14
1.7.2 绘制正方形························15
1.8 习题·································· 16
第 2 章 绘图设置.....................................17
2.1 设置图形单位······················· 18
2.2 设置图形界限······················· 19
2.3 设置系统环境······················· 19
2.3.1 设置图形窗口颜色 ··············· 20
2.3.2 设置自动保存····················· 21
2.3.3 设置右键功能模式 ··············· 21
2.4 设置光标样式······················· 22
2.4.1 设置十字光标····················· 22
2.4.2 设置自动捕捉标记 ··············· 23
2.4.3 设置拾取框和夹点 ··············· 23
2.5 设置图形特性······················· 24
2.5.1 设置图形颜色····················· 24
2.5.2 设置绘图线宽····················· 25
2.5.3 设置绘图线型····················· 26
2.5.4 特性匹配 ·························· 28
2.6 设置图层 ···························· 29
2.6.1 认识图层 ·························· 29
2.6.2 创建图层 ·························· 31
2.6.3 设置图层特性····················· 31
2.6.4 设置当前图层····················· 33
2.6.5 转换图层 ·························· 33
2.6.6 打开/关闭图层···················· 33
2.6.7 冻结/解冻图层···················· 34
2.6.8 锁定/解锁图层···················· 35
2.6.9 删除图层 ·························· 35
2.7 实例演练 ···························· 36
2.7.1 输出图层 ·························· 36
2.7.2 输入图层 ·························· 37
2.8 习题·································· 38AutoCAD 2022 中文版基础教程(微课版)
VI
第 3 章 绘制简单图形............................. 39
3.1 绘制点图形 ························· 40
3.1.1 设置点样式························40
3.1.2 绘制点······························40
3.1.3 绘制定数等分点···················41
3.1.4 绘制定距等分点···················42
3.2 绘制简单线条······················· 43
3.2.1 绘制直线···························43
3.2.2 绘制构造线························44
3.2.3 绘制射线···························47
3.3 绘制矩形和圆······················· 48
3.3.1 绘制矩形···························48
3.3.2 绘制圆······························52
3.4 实例演练 ···························· 55
3.4.1 绘制主动轴主视图················55
3.4.2 绘制法兰盘主视图················56
3.5 习题·································· 58
第 4 章 绘制二维图形............................. 59
4.1 绘制圆弧 ···························· 60
4.1.1 通过指定点绘制圆弧·············60
4.1.2 通过圆心绘制圆弧················61
4.1.3 绘制指定角度的圆弧·············61
4.2 绘制多段线 ························· 62
4.2.1 设置多段线为直线或圆弧 ·······63
4.2.2 设置多段线的线宽················64
4.3 绘制多线 ···························· 65
4.3.1 设置多线样式 ·····················65
4.3.2 创建多线···························66
4.3.3 修改多线···························67
4.4 绘制多边形 ························· 68
4.5 绘制椭圆 ···························· 69
4.5.1 通过指定轴端点绘制椭圆 ·······69
4.5.2 通过指定中心点绘制椭圆 ·······70
4.5.3 绘制椭圆弧························71
4.6 绘制样条曲线······················· 71
4.7 绘制圆环 ···························· 72
4.8 修订云线 ···························· 73
4.8.1 绘制修订云线····················· 73
4.8.2 将对象转换为修订云线·········· 73
4.9 实例演练 ···························· 74
4.9.1 绘制阶梯轴剖切图 ··············· 74
4.9.2 绘制洗手盆························ 77
4.10 习题································· 78
第 5 章 精准绘图.....................................79
5.1 视图控制 ···························· 80
5.1.1 缩放视图 ·························· 80
5.1.2 平移视图 ·························· 80
5.1.3 全屏显示视图····················· 81
5.1.4 重画与重生成····················· 81
5.2 正交功能的应用···················· 82
5.3 捕捉与追踪 ························· 82
5.3.1 设置对象捕捉····················· 83
5.3.2 对象捕捉追踪····················· 84
5.3.3 捕捉和栅格模式·················· 85
5.3.4 极轴追踪 ·························· 86
5.4 动态输入 ···························· 87
5.4.1 启用指针输入····················· 87
5.4.2 启用标注输入····················· 87
5.4.3 使用动态提示····················· 88
5.5 实例演练 ···························· 88
5.5.1 绘制六角螺母····················· 88
5.5.2 绘制平垫圈························ 90
5.6 习题·································· 92
第 6 章 图形编辑基本应用.......................93
6.1 选择对象 ···························· 94
6.1.1 直接选择 ·························· 94
6.1.2 框选对象 ·························· 94VII
6.1.3 栏选对象···························95
6.1.4 快速选择···························95
6.1.5 其他选择方式 ·····················96
6.2 移动和旋转图形···················· 96
6.2.1 移动图形···························96
6.2.2 旋转图形···························97
6.3 修剪和延伸图形···················· 99
6.3.1 修剪图形···························99
6.3.2 延伸图形·························101
6.4 圆角和倒角图形··················· 102
6.4.1 圆角图形·························102
6.4.2 倒角图形·························103
6.5 拉伸和缩放图形··················· 104
6.5.1 拉伸图形·························105
6.5.2 缩放图形·························105
6.6 拉长图形 ··························· 106
6.6.1 将对象拉长指定增量···········107
6.6.2 将对象拉长指定百分数 ········108
6.6.3 将对象拉长指定总长度 ········108
6.6.4 将对象动态拉长·················109
6.7 打断与合并图形··················· 109
6.7.1 打断图形························· 110
6.7.2 合并图形························· 110
6.8 分解和删除图形··················· 111
6.8.1 分解图形························· 111
6.8.2 删除图形························· 112
6.9 实例演练 ··························· 112
6.9.1 绘制螺栓························· 112
6.9.2 绘制沙发························· 115
6.10 习题································ 116
第 7 章 图形编辑高级应用.....................117
7.1 复制对象 ··························· 118
7.1.1 直接复制对象 ··················· 118
7.1.2 按指定距离复制对象··········· 119
7.1.3 阵列复制对象····················119
7.2 偏移对象 ··························· 120
7.2.1 按指定距离偏移对象 ·········· 121
7.2.2 按指定点偏移对象 ············· 121
7.2.3 按指定图层偏移对象 ·········· 122
7.3 镜像对象 ··························· 122
7.3.1 镜像源对象······················ 123
7.3.2 镜像复制源对象················ 123
7.4 阵列对象 ··························· 124
7.4.1 矩形阵列对象··················· 124
7.4.2 路径阵列对象··················· 126
7.4.3 环形阵列对象··················· 126
7.5 编辑特定对象······················ 127
7.5.1 编辑多段线······················ 128
7.5.2 编辑样条曲线··················· 128
7.5.3 编辑阵列对象··················· 129
7.6 使用夹点编辑对象················ 130
7.6.1 认识夹点 ························ 130
7.6.2 使用夹点拉伸对象 ············· 131
7.6.3 使用夹点移动对象 ············· 131
7.6.4 使用夹点旋转对象 ············· 132
7.6.5 使用夹点缩放对象 ············· 132
7.7 参数化编辑对象··················· 132
7.8 实例演练 ··························· 133
7.8.1 绘制端盖 ························ 133
7.8.2 绘制球轴承······················ 135
7.9 习题································· 138
第 8 章 块与设计中心............................139
8.1 创建块······························ 140
8.1.1 创建内部块······················ 140
8.1.2 创建外部块······················ 141
8.2 插入块······························ 143
8.2.1 直接插入块······················ 143
8.2.2 定数等分插入块················ 146AutoCAD 2022 中文版基础教程(微课版)
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8.2.3 定距等分插入块·················147
8.2.4 阵列插入块······················148
8.3 修改块······························ 150
8.3.1 分解块····························150
8.3.2 编辑块定义······················150
8.3.3 重命名块·························152
8.3.4 清理未使用的块·················152
8.4 属性块······························ 153
8.4.1 定义图形属性 ···················153
8.4.2 创建带属性的块·················154
8.4.3 显示块属性······················155
8.4.4 编辑块属性值 ···················155
8.5 设计中心 ··························· 156
8.5.1 设计中心的作用·················156
8.5.2 认识【设计中心】选项板 ·····156
8.5.3 搜索文件·························157
8.5.4 在图形中添加对象··············158
8.6 实例演练 ··························· 159
8.6.1 绘制平开门······················159
8.6.2 绘制建筑标高 ···················162
8.7 习题································· 164
第 9 章 填充图形 .................................. 165
9.1 图案填充 ··························· 166
9.1.1 在功能区中设置图案填充 ·····166
9.1.2 在对话框中设置图案填充 ·····171
9.2 渐变色填充 ························ 175
9.2.1 在功能区中设置渐变色填充···175
9.2.2 在对话框中设置渐变色填充···176
9.3 图案填充编辑······················ 179
9.3.1 控制填充图案的可见性 ········179
9.3.2 关联图案填充编辑··············179
9.3.3 夹点编辑关联图案填充 ········180
9.3.4 分解填充图案 ···················180
9.4 实例演练 ··························· 180
9.4.1 填充圆锥齿轮剖视图 ·········· 180
9.4.2 填充吊灯图形··················· 182
9.5 习题································· 183
第 10 章 常用辅助工具..........................185
10.1 面域································ 186
10.1.1 面域的作用 ···················· 186
10.1.2 建立面域······················· 186
10.1.3 运算面域······················· 187
10.2 对象查询·························· 189
10.2.1 查询坐标······················· 189
10.2.2 查询距离······················· 190
10.2.3 查询半径······················· 191
10.2.4 查询角度······················· 191
10.2.5 查询面积和周长··············· 192
10.2.6 查询体积······················· 193
10.2.7 查询质量特性 ················· 193
10.3 快速计算器······················· 194
10.3.1 认识快速计算器··············· 194
10.3.2 使用快速计算器··············· 195
10.4 实例演练·························· 196
10.5 习题································ 198
第 11 章 文字与表格..............................199
11.1 创建文字·························· 200
11.1.1 设置文字样式·················· 200
11.1.2 创建单行文字·················· 201
11.1.3 创建多行文字·················· 203
11.1.4 创建特殊字符·················· 205
11.2 编辑文字·························· 205
11.2.1 编辑文字内容·················· 205
11.2.2 编辑文字特性·················· 206
11.2.3 查找和替换文字··············· 207
11.3 创建表格·························· 208
11.3.1 表格样式······················· 208IX
11.3.2 插入表格························209
11.3.3 编辑表格························ 211
11.4 实例演练·························· 212
11.4.1 创建技术要求··················212
11.4.2 创建产品明细表 ···············214
11.5 习题································ 216
第 12 章 尺寸标注 ................................ 217
12.1 标注样式·························· 218
12.1.1 标注的组成·····················218
12.1.2 创建标注样式··················218
12.1.3 设置标注样式··················220
12.2 标注图形·························· 224
12.2.1 线性标注························224
12.2.2 对齐标注························225
12.2.3 半径标注························226
12.2.4 直径标注························226
12.2.5 角度标注························227
12.2.6 弧长标注························228
12.2.7 圆心标注························229
12.2.8 折弯标注························229
12.3 图形标注技巧 ···················· 230
12.3.1 连续标注························230
12.3.2 基线标注························231
12.3.3 快速标注························233
12.4 编辑标注·························· 234
12.4.1 修改标注样式··················234
12.4.2 编辑尺寸界线··················234
12.4.3 编辑标注文字··················235
12.4.4 折弯线性························236
12.4.5 打断标注························237
12.4.6 调整标注间距··················238
12.5 创建引线标注 ···················· 239
12.5.1 绘制多重引线··················239
12.5.2 绘制快速引线··················240
12.5.3 标注形位公差 ················· 241
12.6 实例演练·························· 242
12.6.1 标注建筑平面图··············· 242
12.6.2 标注零件图 ···················· 244
12.7 习题································ 248
第 13 章 三维建模.................................249
13.1 三维绘图基础 ···················· 250
13.1.1 选择三维视图 ················· 250
13.1.2 设置视觉样式 ················· 250
13.2 绘制三维实体 ···················· 252
13.2.1 绘制三维基本体··············· 252
13.2.2 绘制拉伸实体 ················· 255
13.2.3 绘制旋转实体 ················· 256
13.2.4 绘制放样实体 ················· 257
13.2.5 绘制扫掠实体 ················· 258
13.3 创建网格对象 ···················· 259
13.3.1 设置网格密度 ················· 259
13.3.2 旋转网格······················· 259
13.3.3 平移网格······················· 260
13.3.4 直纹网格······················· 261
13.3.5 边界网格······················· 262
13.4 编辑三维模型 ···················· 263
13.4.1 三维移动模型 ················· 263
13.4.2 三维旋转模型 ················· 263
13.4.3 三维镜像模型 ················· 264
13.4.4 三维阵列模型 ················· 264
13.4.5 圆角边模型 ···················· 265
13.4.6 倒角边模型 ···················· 266
13.4.7 分解模型······················· 267
13.4.8 实体布尔运算 ················· 267
13.5 渲染模型·························· 270
13.5.1 添加模型灯光 ················· 270
13.5.2 编辑模型材质 ················· 271
13.5.3 渲染模型······················· 272AutoCAD 2022 中文版基础教程(微课版)
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13.6 实例演练·························· 273
13.6.1 绘制支座模型··················273
13.6.2 绘制底座模型··················275
13.7 习题································ 279
第 14 章 图形输出与打印...................... 281
14.1 输出图形·························· 282
14.2 页面设置·························· 282
14.3 打印图形·························· 283
14.3.1 选择页面设置··················283
14.3.2 选择打印设备··················284
14.3.3 设置打印尺寸··················284
14.3.4 设置打印比例··················284
14.3.5 设置打印范围··················285
14.3.6 设置打印份数··················285
14.3.7 设置打印方向··················285
14.3.8 居中打印图形··················286
14.3.9 打印预览························286
14.4 实例演练·························· 286
14.4.1 输出位图图形··················286
14.4.2 打印图纸························287
14.5 习题································ 288
第 15 章 案例应用.................................289
15.1 创建样板图形 ···················· 290
15.1.1 设置绘图环境 ················· 290
15.1.2 设定常用图层 ················· 291
15.1.3 设置文字样式 ················· 292
15.1.4 设置标注样式 ················· 293
15.1.5 绘制图框······················· 293
15.1.6 绘制标题栏 ···················· 294
15.1.7 保存样板图形 ················· 295
15.2 室内设计绘图 ···················· 296
15.2.1 绘制轴线和墙体··············· 296
15.2.2 绘制平面门 ···················· 299
15.2.3 绘制平面窗户 ················· 302
15.2.4 绘制室内家具 ················· 304
15.2.5 填充地面材质 ················· 307
15.2.6 标注图形······················· 309
15.3 习题································ 310